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日本海事新聞ニュース Japan Maritime Daily Jun 11, 2025 (Wed)

‌【Interview 】Mr.Shioiri of Maritime Bureau: Overview on MEPC83

Takashi Shioiri, Director of the International Environment Office, Ocean Development and Environment Policy Division, Maritime Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

　At the 83rd Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC83) of the IMO (International Maritime Org ・・・続きはログインして下さいnext %E3%80%80At+the+83rd+Marine+Environment+Protection+Committee+%28%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E%29+of+the+IMO+%28International+Maritime+Organization%29+held+in+April%2C+approval+was+given+to+a+proposed+amendment+to+the+MARPOL+Convention%2C+which+stipulates+medium-term+measures+%28technical+measure+and+market-based+measure%29+for+reducing+GHG+%28greenhouse+gas%29+emissions+from+international+shipping.+We+spoke+to+Takashi+Shioiri%2C+Director+of+the+International+Environment+Office+of+the+Ocean+Development+and+Environment+Policy+Division%2C+the+Maritime+Bureau%2C+the+Ministry+of+Land%2C+Infrastructure%2C+Transport+and+Tourism%2C+who+represents+the+Japanese+government%2C+about+the+overview+of+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E+and+the+outlook+for+the+future.+%3Cbr%3E%28Interviewer%3A+Takafumi+Suzuki%29+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E+approved+the+mid-term+measures.+How+is+it+received%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+agreement+will+promote+the+introduction+of+zero-emission+fuel+ships+through+regulations+on+the+GHG+intensity+of+fuels+and+incentives+for+the+use+of+low-emission+fuels+that+meet+certain+conditions.+It+fits+almost+exactly+what+Japan+had+in+mind.+The+fact+that+not+only+the+framework+of+the+system+but+also+specific+figures+such+as+standard+values+and+contributions+have+been+decided+was+a+greater+step+forward+than+expected.+With+the+figures+now+set%2C+shipping+companies+can+compare+the+expected+contributions+for+their+fleets+against+the+costs+of+using+low-emission+fuels%2C+while+fuel+suppliers+can+compare+the+expected+price+of+supplying+low-emission+fuels+against+the+contributions.+There+are+still+some+areas+that+need+to+be+discussed%2C+such+as+the+level+of+incentives%2C+but+it+is+significant+that+figures%2C+which+helps+increase+predictability%2C+are+decided+at+an+early+stage.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CDuring+the+discussions%2C+preferential+treatment+for+shipping+routes+to+developing+countries+was+also+considered+as+part+of+measures+to+combat+climate+change%2C+but+it+was+decided+to+apply+the+same+to+all+shipping+routes+around+the+world.+Preferential+treatment+for+certain+shipping+routes+could+have+had+the+potential+to+distort+the+market+not+only+for+shipping+companies+but+also+for+the+shipper+industry%2C+so+it+is+significant+that+this+has+been+avoided.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Two+standard+values+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--What+are+the+details+of+the+mid-term+measures+that+have+been+approved+this+time%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+GHG+intensity+regulation+of+fuel+used+targets+ocean-going+vessels+of+5%2C000+gross+tons+or+more+and+regulates+the+annual+average+GHG+intensity+of+each+vessel+calculated+based+on+the+well-to-wake+%28WtW%29+GHG+emission+intensity+of+the+fuel+used+annually.+Two+standard+values+%28Standard+values+1+and+2%29+are+set%2C+and+any+excess+portion+requires+a+contribution+for+each.+To+promote+and+support+the+introduction+of+zero-emission+fuel+ships%2C+the+IMO+Net+Zero+Fund+will+be+established%2C+and+contributions+will+be+collected+into+it.+The+funds+will+be+used+to+provide+incentives+for+the+use+of+low-emission+fuels+that+meet+certain+conditions.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CStandard+value+2+will+be+gradually+strengthened+to+an+8%25+reduction+in+2030+and+a+30%25+reduction+in+2035+%28both+compared+to+2008%29.+The+more+ambitious+Standard+value+1+is+13%25+lower+than+Standard+value+2.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--I+hear+that+the+contributions+can+be+offset+against+ships+that+overachieve+and+perform+better.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CContribution+2+is+%24380+per+ton+of+GHG+emissions+above+Standard+value+2%2C+and+it+can+be+offset+against+other+high-performing%2C+low-emission+ships.+Since+the+switch+to+dual-fuel+ships+in+shipping+will+be+a+gradual+process%2C+offsetting+was+an+essential+system.+However%2C+Contribution+1+is+for+GHG+emissions+that+exceed+the+more+ambitious+Standard+value+1.+It+is+at+%24100+per+ton%2C+which%2C+unlike+Contribution+2%2C+cannot+be+offset.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CWhen+considering+offsetting%2C+from+the+perspective+of+a+ship+with+superior+performance%2C+it+is+more+cost-effective+to+go+with+a+ship+that+needs+to+pay+more+expensive+Contribution+2.+Contribution+1%2C+which+is+%24100+per+ton+of+GHG+emissions+that+exceed+Standard+value+1%2C+is+set+on+the+assumption+that+it+is+cheaper+than+using+fuel+with+lower+GHG+intensity.+Therefore%2C+even+for+ships+that+are+required+to+pay+Contribution+1%2C+paying+Contribution+1+is+less+expensive+than+the+cost+that+may+be+offset+or+using+low-emission+fuel.+Therefore%2C+there+is+no+necessity+or+need+for+ships+that+pay+Contribution+1+to+offset+in+the+first+place.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CNote+that+the+unit+price+of+%24100+for+Contribution+1+and+%24380+for+Contribution+2+are+not+per+ton+of+GHG+emissions+from+a+ship%2C+but+per+ton+of+GHG+emissions+that+exceed+the+standard+value.+This+point+is+easily+misunderstood.+For+example%2C+if+a+ship+exclusively+using+heavy+oil+only+uses+very+low+sulphur+fuel+oil%2C+the+estimated+contributions+under+the+2028+standard+will+be+%2449+per+ton+of+heavy+oil+for+Contribution+1+and+%2491+for+contribution+2.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Estimates+possible+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--What+impact+will+the+decision+on+the+contributions+have%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+agreed-upon+unit+price+of+the+contribution+is+for+up+to+2030%2C+but+shipping+companies+can+roughly+estimate+the+contribution+based+on+the+size+of+their+fleets%2C+fuel+consumption%2C+etc.+We+have+heard+for+some+time+that+some+fuel+suppliers+have+been+in+talks+with+shipping+companies+about+supplying+them+with+low-emission+fuels%2C+so+the+%24380+figure+for+Contribution+2+is+significant.+Whether+the+price+of+low-emission+fuel+that+can+reduce+GHG+emissions+by+one+ton+compared+to+the+use+of+heavy+oil+is+higher+or+lower+than+%24380+can+be+a+factor+in+deciding+to+use+the+low-emission+fuel.+However%2C+the+level+of+incentives+that+will+influence+shipping+companies%E2%80%99+decision+to+use+low-emission+fuels+still+needs+to+be+discussed%2C+and+the+IMO+needs+to+conclude+the+discussions+as+soon+as+possible.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--Who+will+be+the+entity+that+pays+the+contribution%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+MARPOL+Convention+does+not+stipulate+who+should+bear+the+costs.+Many+other+treaties+also+do+not+specify+who+will+bear+the+costs+of+compliance.+The+cost+burden+for+complying+with+regulations+will+be+decided+by+the+private+sector%2C+taking+into+account+actual+business+practices%2C+etc.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+treaty+also+requires+countries+to+ensure+that+their+flagged+ships+comply+with+regulations.+Many+international+treaties+have+been+incorporated+into+domestic+laws+and+regulations+to+date.+Normally%2C+from+the+perspective+of+making+a+ship+seaworthy%2C+the+inspection+is+carried+out+by+shipowners%2C+etc.%2C+who+receive+documents+certifying+compliance+with+regulations+and+keep+them+on+board+the+ship.+However%2C+the+laws+and+regulations+do+not+stipulate+who+will+bear+the+costs+of+compliance.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--As+a+market-based+measure%2C+Japan+and+Europe+originally+proposed+fees+on+all+ships+rather+than+a+contribution.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CCorrect.+Japan+had+proposed+fees+as+a+means+of+securing+funds+to+support+the+introduction+of+zero-emission+fuel+ships%2C+in+order+to+promote+their+early+adoption.+Many+countries+have+proposed+fees%2C+but+there+is+a+gap+in+the+objectives+and+scale+of+their+implementation.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CFor+example%2C+Japan+proposed+a+rate+of+about+%2460+per+ton+of+heavy+fuel+oil%2C+with+the+main+objective+of+supporting+zero-emission+fuel+ships%2C+while+island+nations+proposed+a+rate+of+%24450+per+ton+of+heavy+fuel+oil%2C+with+the+main+objective+of+supporting+least+developed+countries+and+small+island+developing+states.+Additionally%2C+there+were+some+countries+that+simply+could+not+agree+to+the+fees.+As+a+compromise%2C+it+was+decided+that+the+contributions+would+be+used+as+a+source+of+funds+to+replace+the+fees.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CAs+I+mentioned+earlier%2C+Contribution+1+is+about+%2449+per+ton+of+heavy+fuel+oil%2C+which+is+less+than+the+%2460+initially+envisaged.+However%2C+it+is+still+expected+to+generate+a+certain+amount+of+revenue%2C+and+the+proposed+amendments+to+the+treaty+state+that+it+will+be+used+to+support+zero-emission+fuel+ships.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Review+of+local+regulations+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--How+do+the+two+standards+compare+to+regional+regulations+in+the+EU+%28European+Union%29%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CWhat+should+be+compared+to+the+EU%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%99FuelEU+Maritime%E2%80%99+is+Standard+value+2%2C+in+the+sense+that+it+assumes+it+will+be+achieved.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CJapan%E2%80%99s+basic+policy+in+setting+the+standard+values+was%3A+1.+The+standard+must+be+higher+than+FuelEU+Maritime%2C+due+to+the+need+to+demand+the+repeal+and+review+of+the+regional+regulation%2C+FuelEU+Maritime%3B+2.+As+the+supply+of+ZNZ+fuel+%28fuel+with+zero+or+almost+zero+GHG+%EF%BC%9Cgreenhouse+gas%EF%BC%9E+emissions%29+is+expected+to+gradually+expand%2C+the+standard+must+be+lenient+at+the+start+of+the+regulation%2C+and+then+the+regulatory+level+must+be+set+to+achieve+the+strategic+goal%3B+and+3.+The+standard+must+be+based+on+the+5-10%25+use+target+for+zero-emission+fuels%2C+etc.%2C+as+outlined+in+the+2023+IMO+%28International+Maritime+Organization%29+GHG+Reduction+Strategy.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CBased+on+these+policies%2C+we+presented+proposed+standards+at+the+IMO+meeting+in+February.+At+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E+%2883rd+Marine+Environment+Protection+Committee%29%2C+many+countries+were+of+the+opinion+that+stricter+standards+than+Japan%E2%80%99s+proposal+should+be+set%2C+but+in+the+end%2C+standards+that+were+roughly+the+same+as+those+presented+by+Japan+were+agreed+upon.+Although+excessively+stringent+standards+whose+feasibility+is+questionable+have+been+avoided%2C+achieving+the+agreed+standards+will+require+considerable+efforts.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9COriginally%2C+the+EU+had+stated+when+introducing+regional+regulations+that+it+would+review+regional+regulations+when+international+regulations+were+adopted+by+the+IMO+and+consider+ways+to+ensure+consistency%2C+such+as+avoiding+double+application.+Now+that+the+IMO+has+agreed+to+standards+that+are+equal+to+or+higher+than+the+%E2%80%98FuelEU+Maritime%E2%80%99+standards%2C+we+hope+that+the+EU+will+proceed+with+its+review+in+the+future.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--In+terms+of+meeting+the+requirements+of+GHG+reduction+strategies.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+GHG+reduction+strategy+aims+to+reduce+CO2+%28carbon+dioxide%29+emissions+per+cargo+volume+by+40%25+%28compared+to+2008%29+by+2030+and+to+increase+the+proportion+of+zero-emission+fuels+used+by+5-10%25%2C+with+a+target+of+reducing+total+emissions+from+international+shipping+by+20-30%25+%28compared+to+2008%29+by+2030.+The+agreed+standards+are+consistent+with+these+goals+and+guidelines.+However%2C+it+should+be+noted+that+the+difficulty+of+achieving+GHG+reduction+strategies+will+vary+depending+on+transport+demand%2C+which+is+beyond+the+control+of+shipping.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Working+group+reviews+emission+intensity+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--What+is+the+status+of+IMO%E2%80%99s+consideration+of+GHG+emission+intensity+by+fuel%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CEven+if+the+fuel+has+the+same+physical+properties%2C+its+GHG+emission+intensity+varies+depending+on+the+production+method.+The+IMO+has+set+up+a+working+group+of+experts+to+review+the+GHG+emission+intensity+of+each+fuel+on+a+well-to-wake+%28WtW%29+basis%2C+and+this+will+be+determined+scientifically.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--How+will+the+IMO+Net+Zero+Fund+be+used%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CIt+will+be+used+as+an+incentive+for+zero-emission+fuel+ships+that+use+a+certain+amount+of+low-emission+fuel.+This+will+promote+an+early+transition+to+zero-emission+fuel+ships.+The+specific+level+of+the+incentives+will+be+decided+in+the+future%2C+and+will+be+reviewed+every+five+years+after+the+mid-term+measures+are+implemented.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CThe+funds+will+also+be+used+to+support+fuel+switching+projects+in+developing+countries%2C+particularly+least+developed+countries+and+small+island+developing+states.+Basically%2C+it+is+for+anything+related+to+the+maritime+sector.+This+includes+supporting+the+training+of+crew+members+and+capacity+building+regarding+fuel+conversion.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Extraordinary+meeting+in+October+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80--What+are+the+prospects+for+a+final+agreement+on+mid-term+measures+in+October%3F+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CAt+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+most+developed+countries+and+emerging+countries+such+as+China%2C+India+and+Brazil+voted+in+favor%2C+while+some+oil-producing+countries+opposed.+Sixty-three+countries+voted+in+favor+and+16+against.+African+and+island+nations+were+split+between+voting+in+favor+and+abstaining.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CAn+extraordinary+meeting+of+the+MEPC+is+scheduled+for+October%2C+which+will+require+the+approval+of+more+than+two-thirds+of+the+contracting+parties+to+the+convention.+If+each+country+takes+the+same+position+as+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+there+is+a+high+possibility+that+more+than+two-thirds+of+the+members+will+vote+in+favor.+However%2C+there+are+also+regions+where+opinions+are+divided+between+those+in+favor+and+those+abstaining%2C+so+it+is+not+possible+to+predict.%E2%80%9D+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CWhat+is+important+is+that+the+proposed+amendments+agreed+upon+at+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E+are+within+the+bounds+of+what+is+possible+for+each+country+to+agree+on%2C+with+each+country+having+its+own+red+line+that+it+must+not+cross.+Therefore%2C+we+will+not+assume+any+major+changes+will+be+made%2C+and+will+seek+understanding+from+countries+that+abstained+at+%3Cb%3EMEPC83%3C%2Fb%3E.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80Takashi+Shioiri%3A+Graduated+from+the+Master%E2%80%99s+program+in+Fisheries+Science+at+Hokkaido+University+Graduate+School+in+2000+and+joined+the+Ministry+of+Transport+%28currently+the+Ministry+of+Land%2C+Infrastructure%2C+Transport+and+Tourism%29.+After+working+in+the+Shipbuilding+and+Ship+Machinery+Division+and+Safety+Policy+Division+of+the+Maritime+Bureau+of+the+MLIT%2C+he+assumed+his+current+position+in+April+2022.+49+years+old.+%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3EDisclaimer%3A+The+English+translations+provided+through+this+service+are+the+result+of+translations+made+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+or+automatically+and+mechanically+translated+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+using+an+automated+translation+system+provided+by+a+third+party+after+certain+processing+of+the+Japanese+content+licensed+by+the+third+party.+In+terms+of+the+English+translation%2C+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+and+MarineNet+Co.%2C+Ltd.+make+no+warranty+or+burden+of+any+kind%2C+express+or+implied%2C+including+its+accuracy%2C+reliability%2C+validity+or+fitness+for+a+particular+purpose.+MarineNet+Users+should+fully+understand+that+this+service+uses+an+automated+translation+system+that+automatically+and+mechanically+recognizes+and+analyzes+information+and+produces+results.+The+users+should+understand+the+above+conditions+before+using+this+service.%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E4%BA%8B%E9%A0%85%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E4%BB%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%80%81%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%B1%E8%AB%BE%E3%82%92%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%82%92%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%87%A6%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8C%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%83%BB%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%80%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E5%BD%93%E8%A9%B2%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%80%81%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E9%81%A9%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E3%82%92%E5%90%AB%E3%82%81%E3%80%81%E6%98%8E%E7%A4%BA%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E9%BB%99%E7%A4%BA%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E3%80%81%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%A8%BC%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%8C%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%82%92%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E3%83%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%92%E5%87%BA%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%92%E5%8D%81%E5%88%86%E3%81%AB%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%3Cbr%3E