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日本海事新聞ニュース Japan Maritime Daily Jul 12, 2024 (Fri)

Growing ’Shadow Fleet’ violating russian sanctions reaches nearly 600 vessels

　The “shadow fleet“ transporting crude oil and petroleum products in violation of Russian sanctions ・・・続きはログインして下さいnext %E3%80%80The+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9C+transporting+crude+oil+and+petroleum+products+in+violation+of+Russian+sanctions+is+growing+to+nearly+600+vessels.+According+to+a+report+released+earlier+this+month+by+%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E+Market+Intelligence%2C+a+major+US+research+firm%2C+the+size+of+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9C+has+risen+to+591+tankers%2C+up+33%25+in+just+over+a+year+since+last+spring.+The+US+and+UK+governments+are+stepping+up+monitoring+of+international+shipping+in+an+effort+to+enforce+sanctions+against+Russia.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80In+December+2022%2C+the+G7+%28Group+of+Seven%29%2C+the+EU+%28European+Union%29%2C+and+Australia+began+economic+sanctions%2C+setting+a+price+cap+of+%2460+per+barrel+on+Russian+crude+oil+transported+by+sea.+A+price+cap+on+petroleum+products+also+came+into+effect+in+February+2023.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80But+an+analysis+by+the+S%26P+Group+found+that+nearly+80+percent+of+Russian+crude+oil+and+petroleum+product+exports+were+shipped+in+violation+of+the+price+cap.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CRussia%E2%80%99s+unwillingness+to+cooperate+with+the+price+cap+led+to+the+emergence+of+the+%E2%80%98shadow+fleet%E2%80%99.+New+shipping+lines+have+sprung+up+in+India%2C+the+UAE+and+Hong+Kong%2C+where+Russia+has+found+new+partners+and+buyers%2C+and+new+insurers+have+been+set+up+to+provide+coverage+for+the+%E2%80%99shadow+fleet%E2%80%99.%E2%80%9C+%28%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E%29+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80In+response+to+this+situation%2C+the+US+Department+of+the+Treasury%E2%80%99s+Office+of+Foreign+Assets+Control+%28OFAC%29+and+the+UK+HM+Treasury%E2%80%99s+Office+of+Financial+Sanctions+Implementation+%28OFSI%29+have+added+ships%2C+shipowners%2C+and+charterers+transporting+Russian+crude+oil+to+their+sanctions+watch+lists.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E+warns%2C+saying%2C+%E2%80%9CThe+maritime+industry+is+coming+under+increased+scrutiny.+When+working+with+our+maritime+partners%2C+it+will+remain+important+to+identify+vessels+and+shipowners+operating+in+Russia%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%99shadow+fleet.%E2%80%99%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Crude+oil+and+product+tankers%3A+10%25+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80According+to+%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+the+total+number+of+ships+involved+in+the+transportation+of+Russian+crude+oil+and+petroleum+products+since+December+5%2C+2022+is+1%2C431.+This+accounts+for+24%25+of+the+world%E2%80%99s+crude+oil+and+petroleum+product+tankers%2C+and+of+these%2C+10%25%2C+or+591+vessels%2C+are+considered+to+be+in+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9C+engaged+in+trades+that+violate+the+price+cap.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9C+has+increased+by+33%25+compared+to+%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E%E2%80%99s+previous+estimate+%28March+2023%29.+Factors+cited+include+new+sanctions+from+the+US+Department+of+the+Treasury%2C+the+sale+of+tankers+by+Greek+shipowners+to+Russian+companies%2C+and+new+owners+based+in+India+and+the+UAE+establishing+themselves+in+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%96%A0+Operated+by+Iranian+government-owned+companies+and+other+companies+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E+classifies+ships+engaged+in+Russian+crude+oil+and+petroleum+product+trading+into+three+tiers.+The+two+riskiest+tiers%2C+%E2%80%9CTier+1%E2%80%9C+and+the+following+%E2%80%9CTier+2%E2%80%9C%2C+together+make+up+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet.%E2%80%9C+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80%E2%80%9CTier+1%E2%80%9C+consists+of+271+sanctioned+tankers+that+have+already+been+identified+by+regulators+as+engaging+in+seaborne+traffic+in+violation+of+the+price+cap.+State-owned+companies+of+Russia%2C+Iran+and+Venezuela+operate+60%25+of+the+vessels.+The+largest+number+of+ships+are+Iranian-flagged%2C+with+69+ships.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+320+ships+in+%E2%80%9CTier+2%E2%80%9C+have+311+registered+owners.+In+other+words%2C+the+majority+of+registered+shipowners+own+only+one+ship%2C+and+over+70%25+of+them+were+established+after+2022.+Furthermore%2C+many+Tier+2+ships+change+flag+frequently%2C+with+35%25+changing+flag+twice+and+12%25+changing+flag+three+times.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+overall+flag+state+composition+of+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9D%2C+which+is+Tier+1+and+Tier+2+combined%2C+is+as+follows%3A+Panama+22%25%2C+Gabon+20%25%2C+Iran+12%25%2C+Liberia+10%25%2C+Cook+Islands+7%25%2C+Russia+6%25%2C+Marshall+Islands+4%25%2C+Palau+3%25%2C+Cameroon+2%25.+and+others.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80According+to+%3Cb%3ES%26P+Global%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+more+than+30+percent+of+Gabon-registered+ships+have+crucial+links+to+Russia+through+group+owners.+Additionally%2C+47%25+of+ships+registered+in+the+country+lack+group+owner+details.+Therefore%2C+it+is+often+considered+a+flag+state+with+loose+regulations.+%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+majority+of+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%E2%80%9C+is+made+up+of+elderly+ships%2C+with+397+ships+%28about+70%25%29+being+aged+16+or+older.+By+ship+type%2C+the+most+common+are+MR+%28Medium+Range%29+product+carriers%2C+followed+by+Aframax+tankers.+Of+the+%E2%80%9Cshadow+fleet%2C%E2%80%9C+these+two+ship+types+account+for+30%25+%28165+ships%29.+%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3EDisclaimer%3A+The+English+translations+provided+through+this+service+are+the+result+of+translations+made+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+or+automatically+and+mechanically+translated+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+using+an+automated+translation+system+provided+by+a+third+party+after+certain+processing+of+the+Japanese+content+licensed+by+the+third+party.+In+terms+of+the+English+translation%2C+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+and+MarineNet+Co.%2C+Ltd.+make+no+warranty+or+burden+of+any+kind%2C+express+or+implied%2C+including+its+accuracy%2C+reliability%2C+validity+or+fitness+for+a+particular+purpose.+MarineNet+Users+should+fully+understand+that+this+service+uses+an+automated+translation+system+that+automatically+and+mechanically+recognizes+and+analyzes+information+and+produces+results.+The+users+should+understand+the+above+conditions+before+using+this+service.%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E4%BA%8B%E9%A0%85%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E4%BB%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%80%81%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%B1%E8%AB%BE%E3%82%92%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%82%92%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%87%A6%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8C%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%83%BB%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%80%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E5%BD%93%E8%A9%B2%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%80%81%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E9%81%A9%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E3%82%92%E5%90%AB%E3%82%81%E3%80%81%E6%98%8E%E7%A4%BA%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E9%BB%99%E7%A4%BA%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E3%80%81%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%A8%BC%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%8C%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%82%92%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E3%83%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%92%E5%87%BA%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%92%E5%8D%81%E5%88%86%E3%81%AB%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%3Cbr%3E