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日本海事新聞ニュース Japan Maritime Daily Apr 24, 2025 (Thu)

China using commercial shipping profits for military buildup: CSIS

Jiangnan Shipyard’s production base (from the company’s website)

　In a recently published policy recommendation to the U.S. government regarding China’s shipbuilding ・・・続きはログインして下さいnext %E3%80%80In+a+recently+published+policy+recommendation+to+the+U.S.+government+regarding+China%E2%80%99s+shipbuilding+industry%2C+the+U.S.+think+tank+Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies+%28%3Cb%3ECSIS%3C%2Fb%3E%29+argued+that+%E2%80%9Cthe+opaque+dual-use+ecosystem+needs+to+be+disrupted.%E2%80%9C+The+report+points+out+that+China%E2%80%99s+state-owned+shipyards+are+reducing+costs+by+building+both+naval+and+merchant+ships+at+the+same+facilities%2C+while+using+the+profits+from+the+large+number+of+merchant+ship+orders+they+receive+from+overseas+shipowners+to+build+more+competitive+naval+ships.+For+this+reason%2C+the+report+argues+that+foreign+shipowners%E2%80%99+orders+for+merchant+ships+from+Chinese+shipyards+are+in+effect+supporting+China%E2%80%99s+naval+expansion%2C+and+that+the+United+States+should+work+with+its+allies+to+correct+the+uneven+competitive+playing+field+in+the+shipbuilding+industry%2C+and+it+outlined+several+specific+measures.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80In+a+policy+recommendation+titled+%E2%80%9CShip+Wars%3A+Confronting+China%E2%80%99s+Dual-Use+Shipbuilding+Empire%2C%E2%80%9C+%3Cb%3ECSIS%3C%2Fb%3E+noted+that+China%E2%80%99s+state-owned+shipbuilding+major+China+State+Shipbuilding+Corporation+%28CSSC%29%2C+which+is+rapidly+expanding+its+construction+capacity%2C+%E2%80%9Chas+deliberately+blurred+the+lines+between+its+commercial+and+military+shipbuilding+businesses+and+is+leveraging+its+extensive+commercial+network+to+support+China%E2%80%99s+naval+modernization.%E2%80%9C+The+report+raised+the+issue+that+the+CSSC+Group+has+become+a+representative+figure+in+promoting+the+Chinese+government%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%9CMilitary-Civil+Fusion+%28MCF%29%E2%80%9C+strategy%2C+distorting+the+competitive+environment+in+the+global+shipbuilding+industry.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+report+states+that+%E2%80%9CIn+the+short+term%2C+the+United+States+must+act+with+its+allies+to+level+the+playing+field+and+disrupt+China%E2%80%99s+opaque+dual-use+ecosystem.+In+the+long+term%2C+the+United+States+needs+to+invest+in+expanding+shipbuilding+capacity+outside+of+China+by+rebuilding+its+own+shipbuilding+industry+and+leveraging+existing+strengths+in+major+like-minded+nations.%E2%80%9C+The+report+presents+seven+specific+recommendations+for+achieving+these+goals.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80As+a+premise%2C+the+report+classifies+307+Chinese+shipyards+that+were+in+operation+between+2019+and+2024+into+four+categories+based+on+their+%E2%80%9Cdegree+of+integration+with+China%E2%80%99s+military+industrial+ecosystem.%E2%80%9C+Shipyards+under+CSSC+that+build+naval+vessels+in+addition+to+merchant+ships%2C+such+as+Jiangnan+Shipyard+and+Hudong-Zhonghua+Shipbuilding%2C+are+classified+as+%E2%80%9CTier+1%2C%E2%80%9C+which+poses+very+high+risk.+Shipyards+under+CSSC+that+mainly+build+merchant+ships+and+cannot+be+identified+as+naval+vessel+construction+yards+but+have+close+ties+to+national+military+projects+and+fundraising%2C+such+as+Shanghai+Waigaoqiao+Shipbuilding+and+Qingdao+Beihai+Shipbuilding%2C+are+classified+as+%E2%80%9CTier+2%2C%E2%80%9C+which+poses+high+risk.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80State-owned+shipyards+other+than+CSSC%2C+such+as+China+Merchants+Group+and+China+COSCO+Shipping+Group%2C+which+may+be+mobilized+for+national+security+reasons%2C+are+categorized+as+%E2%80%9CTier+3%2C%E2%80%9C+a+medium+risk+category%2C+while+shipyards+operated+by+Chinese+private+capital+or+foreign+capital+are+categorized+as+%E2%80%9CTier+4%2C%E2%80%9C+a+low+risk+category.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80The+report+then+made+seven+specific+recommendations%3A+1%29+imposing+port+entry+fees+when+Chinese-built+ships+call+at+U.S.+ports%3B+2%29+cutting+off+ties+between+the+CSSC+Group+and+U.S.+financial+institutions%3B+3%29+continuous+monitoring+of+Chinese+shipyards%3B+4%29+asking+other+countries+to+limit+their+relationships+with+Chinese+dual-use+shipyards%3B+5%29+investing+to+maintain+U.S.+shipbuilding+capabilities%3B+6%29+attracting+foreign+investment+into+the+U.S.+shipbuilding+industry%3B+and+7%29+building+additional+shipbuilding+capabilities+outside+of+China.%3Cbr%3E++%E3%80%80On+April+17%2C+the+United+States+Trade+Representative+%28USTR%29+announced+that+port+entry+fees+for+Chinese-built+ships+calling+at+U.S.+ports%2C+which+is+Recommendation+1%2C+will+begin+in+180+days.+While+further+consideration+of+the+levy+scheme+is+expected%2C+%3Cb%3ECSIS%3C%2Fb%3E+went+further%2C+saying+it+%E2%80%9Crecommends+adjusting+the+fees+to+make+it+more+costly+to+purchase+ships+from+Tier+1+and+Tier+2+shipyards+of+greatest+concern.%E2%80%9C%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80By+focusing+tariffs+on+ships+built+at+state-owned+shipyards+classified+as+Tier+1+and+Tier+2%2C+%E2%80%9Cwe+will+be+able+to+more+effectively+target+China%E2%80%99s+dual-use+shipbuilding+ecosystem+and+achieve+national+security+objectives+as+well+as+economic+ones%2C%E2%80%9C+%3Cb%3ECSIS%3C%2Fb%3E+said.%3Cbr%3E%E3%80%80In+addition%2C+three+recommendations+%285%2C+6%2C+and+7%29+refer+to+the+restructuring+of+global+shipbuilding+capacity%2C+including+the+implementation+of+investments.%3Cbr%3E++%E3%80%80Recommendation+5+proposes+making+targeted+investments+to+maintain+America%E2%80%99s+long-term+shipbuilding+capabilities%2C+funded+by+port+fees+levied+on+Chinese-built+ships.+The+report+noted+that+the+United+States+should+proceed+with+laying+the+foundation+for+building+the+minimum+shipbuilding+capabilities+necessary+for+its+national+security.%3Cbr%3E++%E3%80%80Recommendation+6+proposes+attracting+foreign+investment+to+the+U.S.+shipbuilding+industry.+%E2%80%9CIn+particular%2C+incentives+should+be+given+to+South+Korea+and+Japan+to+encourage+investment+in+U.S.+shipbuilders%2C%E2%80%9C+the+report+said.+It+also+recommends+that+consideration+be+given+to+attracting+investment+from+European+companies+that+are+world+leaders+in+advanced+technologies+related+to+shipbuilding.%3Cbr%3E++%E3%80%80Recommendation+7+proposes+working+with+allies+to+build+additional+shipbuilding+capacity+outside+of+China.+Given+the+U.S.+constraints+%28on+expanding+shipbuilding+capacity%29%2C+the+report+pointed+out+that+cooperation+among+allies+is+needed+to+reduce+China%E2%80%99s+dominance+in+the+international+market.+%E2%80%9CShipyards+in+Japan%2C+Korea+and+Europe+can+be+strengthened+through+coordinated+investment+and+policy+incentives%2C%E2%80%9C+it+said.%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3EDisclaimer%3A+The+English+translations+provided+through+this+service+are+the+result+of+translations+made+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+or+automatically+and+mechanically+translated+by+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+using+an+automated+translation+system+provided+by+a+third+party+after+certain+processing+of+the+Japanese+content+licensed+by+the+third+party.+In+terms+of+the+English+translation%2C+The+Japan+Maritime+Daily+and+MarineNet+Co.%2C+Ltd.+make+no+warranty+or+burden+of+any+kind%2C+express+or+implied%2C+including+its+accuracy%2C+reliability%2C+validity+or+fitness+for+a+particular+purpose.+MarineNet+Users+should+fully+understand+that+this+service+uses+an+automated+translation+system+that+automatically+and+mechanically+recognizes+and+analyzes+information+and+produces+results.+The+users+should+understand+the+above+conditions+before+using+this+service.%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%AC%E4%BA%8B%E9%A0%85%EF%BC%9A%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E4%BB%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%80%81%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%B1%E8%AB%BE%E3%82%92%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%82%92%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%87%A6%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%8C%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%83%BB%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%80%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E5%BD%93%E8%A9%B2%E8%8B%B1%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%80%81%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E6%80%A7%E3%80%81%E5%A6%A5%E5%BD%93%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E9%81%A9%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E3%82%92%E5%90%AB%E3%82%81%E3%80%81%E6%98%8E%E7%A4%BA%E5%8F%88%E3%81%AF%E9%BB%99%E7%A4%BA%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E3%80%81%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%A8%BC%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%80%82%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%8C%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%82%92%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E3%83%BB%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%82%92%E5%87%BA%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%92%E5%8D%81%E5%88%86%E3%81%AB%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%3Cbr%3E